Machine and method for producing and dispensing liquid or semi-liquid consumer food products

ABSTRACT

A machine for producing and dispensing liquid and semi-liquid consumer food products such as ice creams, whipped cream, yogurt and the like comprises a container for a basic product of the consumer food product, a feed and treatment circuit for the basic product, comprising a feed pump, dispensing means positioned at an outfeed end of the feed and treatment circuit, and a device for checking the bacterial load of the product during production/dispensing; an electronic control unit controlling and regulating the various steps for measuring the bacterial load.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a machine for producing and dispensingliquid and semi-liquid consumer food products.

The present invention can be used in systems for the milk-dairy sectorand, more generally, in food industry process systems.

The present invention relates in particular, although without limitingthe scope of the inventive concept, to machines for producing anddispensing crushed-ice drinks, sorbets, ice creams, soft ice creams,cream, yogurt and the like and to machines for producing and preservingmixtures for ice cream, creams, sauces, soups and mixtures in generaland the like.

As is known, machines of the above-mentioned type comprise a containerfor the basic product, consisting for example of liquid cream, mixturesof products for ice cream, syrups and the like, and a feed circuit alongwhich there are devices, including refrigerating means, for thetreatment and processing of the basic product and at the outfeed end ofwhich there are dispensing devices, consisting of nozzles or tapsdesigned to allow collection of the finished product (whipped cream, icecream, crushed-ice drink, etc.).

Partly because the products they treat are highly perishable, suchmachines are subject to frequent checks and maintenance work toguarantee that perfect hygienic conditions are maintained along theentire feed circuit.

In particular, the main problem of the above-mentioned machines forprofessional use is linked to the presence of milk-based mixtures andthe consequent need to clean and sanitize the machines so as to preventthe proliferation of microbes.

At present, a preventive maintenance procedure is performed atpredetermined intervals, from daily to twice-weekly depending on thefeatures of the machines. For example, machines without integrated heattreatment devices must be sanitized at the latest every seventy twohours, whilst for automatic pasteurizing machines the interval is everytwo weeks.

With regard to this, European patent application EP1716760, by the sameApplicant, relates to a machine for producing and dispensing liquid andsemi-liquid consumer food products equipped with a washing device, usedto introduce, in alternate steps, into the feed and treatment circuit aflow of fluid in the liquid state or steam, to allow circuit washing andsanitizing. A central processing unit controls and regulates the variouswashing and sanitizing steps.

Irrespective of whether or not the machine must be disassembled to carryout the cleaning or has integrated and automatic sanitizing devices, allof the operations performed are preventive and cannot guarantee totalproduct sanitariness.

Events which are out of the ordinary that can occur during machineoperation, or even during manual cleaning, expose parts of the machineto contamination by microbes and subsequent contamination of the productbeing processed.

Although there are methods for estimating the cell mass of a bacterialpopulation, said methods require laboratory analyses, high costs, verylengthy periods of time and are applied, for example in the dairysector, only for carrying out spot checks.

Moreover, since preventive maintenance procedures are carried outwithout any preliminary analysis, it is possible that they are performedwhen not really necessary, consequently wasting time and money.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The aim of the present invention is therefore to provide a machine forproducing and dispensing liquid and semi-liquid consumer food productswhich is able to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages. Inaccordance with the present invention this aim is achieved by a machineand a method for producing and dispensing liquid and semi-liquidconsumer food products with the characteristics described in one or moreof the claims herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The technical characteristics of the invention, with reference to theabove aims, are clearly described in the claims below and its advantagesare more apparent in the detailed description which follows, withreference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate a preferredembodiment of the invention provided merely by way of example withoutrestricting the scope of the inventive concept, and in which:

FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic block diagrams of two embodiments, inaccordance with the present invention, of a machine for producing anddispensing liquid and semi-liquid consumer food products;

FIGS. 3 and 4 are perspective schematic views, with some parts cut awayand others exploded, of two machines made in accordance with the presentinvention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic section of a detail from FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a perspective schematic view with some parts cut away andothers drawn in dashed line style, of another machine made in accordancewith the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic side view with some parts cut away and othersdrawn in dashed line style, of another type of machine made inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of another machine made in accordance withthe present invention;

FIG. 9 is a top view, with some parts in cross-section, of the machineof FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a side view, with some parts in cross-section, of the machineof FIG. 8;

FIG. 11 is a cross-section of an element which can be applied to themachines shown in the previous figures.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

With reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the numeral 1 denotes as a whole amachine for producing and dispensing liquid or semi-liquid consumer foodproducts and in particular a cream whipping machine. The machine 1, asalso shown in FIG. 3, has a base 2 which substantially has the shape ofa parallelepiped which houses a tank 3 for holding a basic product ofthe consumer food product, which in the case considered is liquid cream.

The numeral 4 denotes as a whole a cream feed and treatment circuit. Thecircuit 4 comprises a first pipe 5 connecting the tank 3 to a quickcoupling and release joint 6, a second pipe 7 connecting the joint 6 anda pump 8, having a motor 9, for feeding the basic product to treatmentmeans, labeled 10 as a whole and fitted at their outfeed end withdispensing means 11.

As illustrated in detail in FIG. 5, the treatment means 10 comprise anemulsifying homogenizer core 12 consisting of a tubular element 13 witha substantially horizontal axis, in which a cylindrical body 14 isinserted coaxially to it, the cylindrical body having a plurality ofprojections 15 on its outer surface, known to experts in the trade as a“Labyrinth”.

Thus, between the inner surface of the tubular element 13 and thecylindrical body 14 a passage is formed for the liquid cream fed by thepump 8. The projections 15 are preferably positioned in such a way thatalong the passage they form winding paths which have the effect ofincreasing the collisions of the fat particles in the liquid cream,resulting in the absorption of air which whips the cream.

An end section of the tubular element 13 is positioned inside abox-shaped body 16 fixed to the outside of the base 2. Said box-shapedbody supports below it and at its free end the dispensing means 11consisting of a nozzle 17 connected to the free end of the tubularelement 13.

A device 18 for checking the bacterial load of the consumer food productis also part of the machine 1. Said checking device 18 comprises atleast one sensor 19, connected to an electronic control unit 20 and ableto detect the size of the product bacterial load. Therefore, the sensor19 can be operatively engaged with the consumer food product and/or withthe basic product and, according to an embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1,may be installed in the tank 3 or in the feed and treatment circuit 4.

In particular, FIG. 1 illustrates one sensor 19 positioned in theemulsifying homogenizer core 12 and one sensor 19′ positioned in theliquid cream tank 3. However, the sensor 19 and/or 19′ could bepositioned at different points of the feed and treatment circuit 4, forexample in the first or second connecting pipe 5, 7.

In accordance with an alternative embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2 and3, the device 18 for checking the bacterial load comprises an analysischamber 21 which is separate from the tank 3 and from the feed andtreatment circuit 4.

The chamber 21 is in fluid communication with the container or tank 3and/or with the feed and treatment circuit 4 by means of respectivepipes 22 if necessary fitted with valves 23 and respective pumps 24. Thepipes 22 together with the valves 23 and the pumps 24, form means 25designed to draw a predetermined quantity of basic product and/orconsumer food product and to place it in, or make it pass through, thechamber 21.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the sensor 19 is mountedin the analysis chamber 21 and is again controlled by the electroniccontrol unit 20.

The sensor 19 is preferably of the impedimetric type, that is to say, itmeasures an impedance value which is correlated to the concentration ofany bacteria present.

In accordance with a first type of process, a single impedancemeasurement is directly correlated to the bacterial load present. Saidfirst type of process provides an immediate result and is preferablyused together with the sensors 19 positioned directly in the tank 3and/or in the feed and treatment circuit 4 (FIG. 1).

Alternatively, in accordance with a second type of process, two or moreimpedance measurements are taken one after another to obtain animpedance curve as a function of time, there being the possibility ofreferring the trend of the curve to the bacterial load value. The speedof the increase in the bacteria is partly dependent on the initialconcentration of bacteria. The second process is therefore based onmeasuring changes in the electrical properties of the product induced bythe multiplication of the micro-organisms.

Said second type of process is preferably used with a sample of productto be treated “beside” the rest, that is to say, with the predeterminedquantity of product extracted from the circuit 4 and introduced into theanalysis chamber 21 (FIGS. 2 and 3).

To speed up bacterial replication and reduce analysis times, theanalysis chamber 21 is preferably equipped with heating means 26, onlyschematically illustrated, which bring the above-mentioned predeterminedquantity to a predetermined temperature “T”, approximately betweenaround 20° C. and 38° C. and preferably between around 34° C. and around38° C.

Said heating is necessary for milk-based products treated (whippedcream, ice cream, crushed-ice drink, etc.) which during production areusually kept at lower temperatures to guarantee their preservation.

According to an alternative embodiment of the second process, thepredetermined quantity is made to pass through a channel in the analysischamber 21, where a concentration of bacteria occurs. The subsequentimpedance measurement is taken on the bacterial load accumulated there.

However, in all of the cases described above, the variation in theimpedance detected by the sensor 19 is translated into a bacterial loadvalue by means of the control unit 20 electronics.

In practice, during a normal machine 1 production cycle, the device 18for checking the bacterial load is automatically activated atpredetermined time intervals, for example set using a user interfacewhich is part of the electronic control unit 20, and at output suppliesa value “C” representing the bacterial load present in the productcontained in the tank 3 and/or in the circuit 4 or in the sample ofproduct drawn from the tank 3 or the circuit 4.

Said value “C” may, for example, be communicated to the user by means ofa graphical interface and/or sent to a machine central control unitwhich suspends production and if necessary starts a machine washingcycle.

More specifically, the value “C” detected is compared in the controlunit with a preset reference value “R” or reference range “ΔR”. If thevalue “C” detected exceeds the preset value or falls outside the presetreference range “ΔR”, the control unit issues an alarm signal, to warnthe user, and/or automatically starts the washing cycle for the feed andtreatment circuit 4 and/or for the tank 3 and/or for the dispensingmeans 11.

After performing the check, the quantity of product contained in theanalysis chamber 21 is expelled from it. The chamber 21 is thenpreferably sanitized, to eliminate any bacteria which accumulated thereand to make the chamber 21 ready for a new measurement.

For this purpose, sanitizing means 26 a, schematically illustrated onlyin FIG. 2 are operatively connected to the analysis chamber 21.

These sanitizing means 26 a allow the introduction into the chamber 21of steam and/or washing liquids and are, for example, of the typedescribed in European patent application EP 1 716 760 by the sameApplicant, wholly referred to herein in order to provide a completedescription.

A device for washing the feed and treatment circuit 4 is also preferablypart of the machine 1. Said device, for simplicity illustrated only inFIG. 1 and labeled 27 as a whole, is for example of the type describedin the above-mentioned patent application EP 1 716 760.

The washing device 27 comprises means 28 for introducing a washing fluidinto the circuit. The fluid introduction means 28 comprise means 29 forconnection to a washing fluid source and consist of pump means 30connected at infeed, by valve means 31, to a feed pipe 32 for thewashing fluid contained in a tank 33 and consisting of water and/or asanitizing liquid. Alternatively, there may be a pipe 34 connecting thevalve means 21 and the water mains schematically indicated with thearrow 35. The fluid introduction means also comprise heating or boilermeans 36 for the water and/or sanitizing liquid, and a first and asecond pipe 37, 38 connecting the heating means 36 respectively with afirst outlet point 39 at the joint 6 and a second outlet point 40 at atubular element 13 infeed.

The washing device 27 has control means 41 comprising a centralprocessing unit 42 including timing means 43 and temperature regulatingmeans 44 for the heating means 36.

The central processing unit 42 is controlled from a keyboard 45 whichthe operator uses to enter data, and is connected at output to the valvemeans 31, the pump means 30, the heating means 36 a valve 46 locatedalong the first pipe 37, a valve 47 located along the second pipe 38,and another valve 48 located along the pipe 5, and finally to the motor9.

The electronic control unit 20 which controls the device 18 for checkingthe bacterial load is also operatively connected to the washing device27, to automatically control washing based on the analysis carried outby the device 18 for checking the bacterial load. For example, themachine 1 central control unit preferably unites both the electroniccontrol unit 20 and the central processing unit 42.

FIG. 4 illustrates a machine 1 for producing ice cream, which differsfrom the machine 1 illustrated in FIG. 3 due to the fact that the feedand treatment circuit 4 comprises a “whipping and freezing” unit,labeled 49, consisting of a freezing cylinder connected to arefrigerating unit and housing a stirrer, of the known type andtherefore not illustrated. In the front part of the cylinder there is atap 50 for dispensing the ice cream.

In said embodiment, the analysis chamber 21 is in fluid communicationwith the whipping and freezing unit 49 and/or with the tank 3 by meansof the pipe 22, and if present the valve 23 and the pump 24.

Alternatively, the analysis chamber 21 may be positioned in the tank 3,connected to a tank inner wall, and is of the type illustrated in FIG.11 and described below.

FIG. 6 shows a machine 1 for producing, pasteurizing and preservingcreams for fillings and coatings, color mixture for chocolate, fruitjams, mixtures in general, mixtures for ice creams, sauces and similarproducts.

In this case, the feed and treatment circuit 4 consists of a tank 3,having a vertical axis 3 a, closed by a lid 51 and housing a stirrer 52,designed to stir the product. On the front of the machine 1 there is atap 53 for dispensing the product from the tank 3. The tank 3 isequipped with an indirect heating device, of the known type and notillustrated, able to generate high cooking temperatures, as well as arefrigerating system, also not illustrated, which allows the productprocessed to be preserved in the machine at the end of the productioncycle.

In said embodiment, the analysis chamber 21 is positioned inside thetank 3, as described below with reference to FIG. 11.

FIG. 7 illustrates another machine 1 for producing and pasteurizingmixtures for ice cream and similar products.

In this case, the feed and treatment circuit 4 consists of a tank 54,having a vertical axis 55 and closed at the top by a transparent lid 56.

At its base 57 the tank 54 has a cup pump, labeled 58 as a whole, housedinside a substantially cylindrical compartment 59 around which there isa hot-cold heat exchange circuit 60, of the known type and schematicallyillustrated in dashed line style. The pump 58 has a stirrer with vanes61, designed to stir the product. On the front of the machine 1 there isa tap 62 for dispensing the product from the tank 54.

In said embodiment, the analysis chamber 21 is positioned inside thetank 3, as described below with reference to FIG. 11.

FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 illustrate another machine 1 for producing ice cream.The machine 1 comprises a base 2 which substantially has the shape of aparallelepiped, the top of which supports the tank 3 for containing abasic product, in the form of a liquid mixture, to be processed toobtain ice creams. Connected to the tank 3 is a circuit 63 of arefrigerating system for keeping the mixture at a predeterminedtemperature, in particular around 4° C.

Below the tank 3, the base 3 supports a horizontal whipping and freezingcylinder 64, of the known type, to which the mixture is fed by a gearpump 65, positioned at the tank 3 and in communication with the tank viaa suction pipe 66 for drawing the mixture from the tank 3 and sending itby means of a delivery pipe 67 to a whipping and freezing cylinder 6infeed 68.

Inside the cylinder 64 there is a mixing blade 69 for the producttreated, which is driven in rotation about its axis by a variable speedmotor unit 70 and can push the product towards and into a dispenser tap71 mounted on the whipping and freezing cylinder 64 outfeed front walland forming the above-mentioned dispensing means 11.

It should be noticed that the pump 65, the suction pipe 66, the deliverypipe 67 and the cylinder 64 as a whole form the feed and treatmentcircuit 4 for the above-mentioned mixture.

According to that embodiment, the analysis chamber 21 is in fluidcommunication with the dispensing means 11, to draw the predeterminedquantity from them.

In particular, the analysis chamber 21 is delimited by a box-shaped body72 mounted on the front face of the machine 1 close to the dispenser tap71 and connected to the latter by a pipe 22 (FIG. 9). The sensor 19,supported by the box-shaped body 72, gives onto the inside of thechamber 21. The analysis chamber 21 is also equipped with theabove-mentioned heating means 26, not illustrated.

FIG. 11 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the box-shaped body 72which delimits the analysis chamber 21. The box-shaped body 72 may beapplied, for example, to the inner wall 3 a of the tank 3 of each of themachines 1 illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 6, as well as to the inner wall ofthe tank 54 of the machine in FIG. 7.

The analysis chamber 21 consists of a cylindrical pipe made inside thebox-shaped body 72 and surrounded by electric heating elements whichform the heating means 26.

The sensor 19 is inserted in the pipe 21 through a wall of thebox-shaped body 72 and extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis“X” of the pipe 21.

The pipe 21 has opposite ends 21 a in fluid communication with the tank3 which houses the box-shaped body 72.

Both ends 21 a of the pipe 21 can be closed by means of movable walls73, which in the specific case illustrated consist of respective pistonswhich move by sliding, when the command is given by suitable actuators,not illustrated, along a direction perpendicular to the longitudinalaxis “X” of the pipe 21.

Irrespective of the specific embodiment, if the box-shaped body 72 andthe analysis chamber 21 are inserted in the tank 3, the quantity ofproduct checked is not eliminated, but instead is put back into the tank3 after undergoing a pasteurizing treatment. For this purpose, theheating means 26, or additional heating means suitably used, can bringthe temperature of the quantity of product still in the analysis chamber21 to a value (itself known and typically 70-80° C.) sufficient to causesaid pasteurization.

Introducing the quantity of product into the pipe 21 and putting it backinto the tank 3 are achieved by simply opening the ends 21 a and makinguse of the continuous mixing of the product in the tank 3 for example bythe stirrer 52 in FIG. 6, the stirrer 61 in FIG. 7 or the pump 65 inFIG. 10.

According to other embodiments, not illustrated nor described in detail,the device 18 for checking the bacterial load disclosed may also beinstalled on other food industry process systems, such as systems forthe milk-dairy sector. In such a case, the number of sensors 19 and/oranalysis chambers 21 used, their position and their structure willdepend on the structure of the system and the dimensions of thecontainment tanks and/or the pipes in which the product to be checked iscontained/through which it passes.

The device 18 for checking the bacterial load applied to the machinesdescribed in detail or to the systems indicated above could also bedesigned to check, as an alternative to or in addition to the bacterialload, other types of pollutants which may be present in the productsbeing prepared.

The present invention achieves the preset aims and brings importantadvantages.

The possibility of detecting directly on the machine and continuouslyduring machine operation, the bacterial load of the mixtures treated,allows the sanitariness of the food product being prepared to beguaranteed.

Moreover, such detection allows the activation, even without operatorintervention, of machine sanitizing if the bacterial load detectedexceeds the limits allowed. Said automation not only makes the machineintrinsically safer, but allows machine downtimes to be limited,production management optimized and costs contained.

The invention described above is susceptible of industrial applicationand may be modified and adapted in several ways without therebydeparting from the scope of the inventive concept. Moreover, all detailsof the invention may be substituted by technically equivalent elements.

What is claimed is:
 1. A machine for producing and dispensing liquid andsemi-liquid consumer food products, comprising: a container for a basicproduct of a consumer food product, a feed and treatment circuit havingan infeed end connected to the container for receiving the basic productfrom the container, a transformation mechanism for transforming thebasic product into the consumer food product and an outfeed end foroutfeeding the consumer food product from the feed and treatmentcircuit, a dispensing mechanism connected to the outfeed end of the feedand treatment circuit for dispensing the consumer food product, achecking device operatively associated with at least one chosen from thecontainer, the feed and treatment circuit and the dispensing mechanismfor checking at least one of the basic product and the consumer foodproduct and generating a signal corresponding to a value of a bacterialload of the at least one of the basic product and the consumer foodproduct, an electronic control unit operatively associated with thechecking device for controlling the checking device, including beingconfigured for receiving the signal from the checking device anddetermining if the bacterial load is above a reference value forhygienic operation based on the signal, a washing device operativelyassociated with the at least one chosen from the feed and treatmentcircuit, the container and the dispensing mechanism for performing awashing operation on the at least one chosen from the feed and treatmentcircuit, the container and the dispensing mechanism, the electroniccontrol unit also being operatively associated with the washing devicefor automatically controlling the washing device, including beingconfigured for outputting a signal to the washing device to perform thewashing operation upon determining that the bacterial load is above thereference value for hygienic operation.
 2. The machine according toclaim 1, wherein the checking device comprises at least one sensor whichcan be operatively engaged with at least one chosen from the basicproduct and the consumer food product.
 3. The machine according to claim2, wherein the at least one sensor is mounted in the container.
 4. Themachine according to claim 2, wherein the at least one sensor is mountedin the feed and treatment circuit.
 5. The machine according to claim 2,wherein the checking device comprises at least one analysis chamber, adrawing mechanism connected to at least one chosen from the container,the feed and treatment circuit and the dispensing mechanism for drawinga predetermined quantity of at least one chosen from the basic productand the consumer food product and at least one chosen from placing thepredetermined quantity in the analysis chamber and making thepredetermined quantity pass through, the analysis chamber.
 6. Themachine according to claim 5, wherein the at least one sensor is mountedin the analysis chamber.
 7. The machine according to claim 5, whereinthe analysis chamber is in fluid communication with the container andthe drawing mechanism draws the predetermined quantity from thecontainer.
 8. The machine according to claim 5, wherein the analysischamber is positioned inside the container.
 9. The machine according toclaim 5, and further comprising a sanitizing mechanism operativelyassociated with the analysis chamber for sanitizing the analysischamber, the electronic control unit configured to determine when thepredetermined quantity has been expelled from the analysis chamber andcontrol the sanitizing mechanism to sanitize the analysis chamber whenthe predetermined quantity has been expelled from the analysis chamber.10. The machine according to claim 8, and further comprising a heatingmechanism operatively connected to the analysis chamber, the electroniccontrol unit configured to control the heating mechanism to pasteurizethe predetermined quantity before the predetermined quantity is put backinto the container.
 11. The machine according to claim 5, wherein theanalysis chamber is in fluid communication with the feed and treatmentcircuit and the drawing mechanism draws the predetermined quantity fromthe feed and treatment circuit.
 12. The machine according to claim 5,wherein the analysis chamber is in fluid communication with thedispensing mechanism and the drawing mechanism draws the predeterminedquantity from the dispensing mechanism.
 13. The machine according toclaim 2, wherein the at least one sensor is of the impedimetric type.14. The machine according to claim 5, and further comprising a heatingmechanism operatively connected to the analysis chamber, the electroniccontrol unit configured to control the heating mechanism to acceleratebacterial replication for determining the bacterial load.
 15. Themachine according to claim 5, wherein the feed and treatment circuitcomprises a whipping and freezing unit comprising a freezing cylinderconnected to a refrigerating unit and stirrer positioned in the freezingcylinder.
 16. The machine according to claim 15, wherein the analysischamber is in fluid communication with the whipping and freezing unit.17. The machine according to claim 1, wherein the checking device alsochecks for another type of pollutant.